One sample per scheme, highlighted by Neovim itself with a language server attached and exported straight from the buffer, so the captures, the annotations and the italics and bold are the ones the scheme actually paints rather than a renderer's guess at them.
observatory-aurora the green aurora, on its own night sky
observatory-aurora-red the rare all-red aurora, green demoted to an accent
observatory-comet two tails, two hue families, nothing in between
observatory-eclipse the corona, almost colorless, with one ruby line
observatory-hubble the Hubble palette, which lands on the corners of the RGB cube
observatory-nacreous iridescent ice at 20 km, and the only pastel here
observatory-nightsky star colors by spectral class, on a deep blue sky
observatory-noctilucent sunlight that has already gone below the horizon, seen from 83 km
observatory-mercury the enhanced-color globe: tan crust, blue minerals, gold plains
observatory-mercury-computed the grayest planet, mapped by reflectance unit
observatory-venus cream cloud in every direction, and nothing else
observatory-venus-computed the cloud deck above, the surface nobody sees below
observatory-earth ocean, vegetation, desert, ice
observatory-earth-computed the only world that needs no help finding colors
observatory-luna the full moon: five grays and a warm cast
observatory-luna-computed gray, until you stretch it
observatory-mars rust, dust and one bright polar cap
observatory-mars-computed rust, with the blue its sunsets actually are
observatory-jupiter zones, belts and the Great Red Spot
observatory-jupiter-computed zones, belts, the red spot and the blue poles
observatory-io sulfur, ochre and frost, and no blue anywhere
observatory-io-computed sulfur yellow, with frost as the only cool thing on it
observatory-europa ice, and the rust-brown cracks across it
observatory-europa-computed water ice, and whatever the ocean brought up
observatory-ganymede grooved terrain in tan, and the frost at its poles
observatory-ganymede-computed grooved ice over ancient rock
observatory-callisto the most cratered surface known, in dark tan
observatory-callisto-computed the oldest surface, and the least to say about it
observatory-saturn pale gold, with the rings' shadow laid across it
observatory-saturn-computed butterscotch, with the blue winter hemisphere
observatory-titan a hazy orange orb, which is all anyone sees from outside
observatory-titan-computed an orange monochrome; the haze admits nothing else
observatory-enceladus white ice, and the fractures that vent it
observatory-enceladus-computed the brightest surface in the solar system
observatory-iapetus two-tone: snow on one face, tar on the other
observatory-iapetus-computed two hemispheres, and nothing in between
observatory-uranus featureless pale cyan, and that is the observation
observatory-uranus-computed the most featureless palette here, and honestly so
observatory-neptune azure, a shade deeper than Uranus and no bluer
observatory-neptune-computed the iconic blue, which is not quite the real one
observatory-triton cantaloupe terrain under a pink nitrogen cap
observatory-triton-computed cantaloupe terrain and pink nitrogen frost
observatory-pluto the heart, in cream and tholin tan
observatory-pluto-computed nitrogen ice, tholin red, and a blue sky
observatory-charon gray ice, and one red-brown pole
observatory-charon-computed Pluto's tholins, arrived second-hand
observatory-ceres blue-gray regolith around one bright crater
observatory-ceres-computed bright salt on a very dark world
observatory-rings a scan across the annuli, unlit side
observatory-arrokoth the reddest thing photographed up close
observatory-albireo the color-contrast doubles, and the green that isn't
observatory-alphacentauri the nearest three stars, and one flare
observatory-betelgeuse a resolved supergiant, mid-dimming, in amber
observatory-betelgeuse-computed a supergiant, and the dust that dimmed it
observatory-nervia the star Eburonia orbits, which is very nearly the Sun
observatory-nervia-computed the star Eburonia orbits, by its own temperatures
observatory-carbon the reddest stars there are, in purity not hue
observatory-cepheid a light curve, and no color to speak of
observatory-etacarinae two lobes of debris from a star that survived its own explosion
observatory-etacarinae-computed the Homunculus, and the star inside it
observatory-magnitude the eight brightest stars, with Vega at zero
observatory-sirius brighter is cooler, for once
observatory-v838monocerotis a light echo, which is not an explosion but its shadow on dust
observatory-v838monocerotis-computed one flash, seen at four delays
observatory-boyajian a dip in a light curve, measured filter by filter
observatory-przybylski a spectrum full of elements that should not be there
observatory-ss433 one line, two jets, and the half that is invisible
observatory-browndwarf not a star, not a planet: a red monochrome
observatory-browndwarf-computed the failed stars, and the one honest purple here
observatory-wolfrayet a star shedding itself, in plum and steel
observatory-wolfrayet-computed the hottest stars there are, and none of it is the continuum
observatory-crux the Southern Cross, which is three quarters one color
observatory-arcturus the reference K giant, and the gaps in its light
observatory-vega the star everything else is measured against
observatory-rigel a blue supergiant, and the dust it lights
observatory-deneb one line, in emission and in absorption
observatory-mira the first variable, and the band that exaggerates it
observatory-bluedwarf a red dwarf's whole future, in six steps
observatory-cooling a white dwarf, from 100,000 K down to nothing
observatory-blackdwarf the coldest thing there will ever be, and its last light
observatory-straggler one cluster's diagram, and the stars that break it
observatory-trappist bone-dry rock in the habitable zone of a red dwarf
observatory-trappist-computed seven worlds, and the one small red star lighting them
observatory-tres2 the darkest world known, and the dimmest palette here
observatory-hd189733 the one exoplanet whose color was measured, and it is blue
observatory-eburonia a hot Neptune in violet and indigo, and its orange dwarf
observatory-kepler56c a red giant, and the planet it is about to swallow
observatory-kepler292b a super-Earth as an ocean world, in teal and sea green
observatory-kepler20b five planets ranged against Mercury's orbit
observatory-hd40307f gray super-Earths under an orange dwarf
observatory-kepler90h the eight-planet system, in olive and gold
observatory-mintome the pink planet: a giant still glowing from its own formation
observatory-hd157172b a hot Jupiter being eaten, and the star doing it
observatory-gliese3323b sage and slate, with one steel-blue sea
observatory-kepler1275b a frozen super-Earth in russet, at the edge of the light
observatory-kepler1328b a terrestrial placeholder in tan and umber
observatory-kepler438b a superflare sterilising a habitable-zone planet
observatory-kepler367b an atmosphere streaming off a small planet, in indigo and amber
observatory-sweeps10 a Jupiter skimming a spotted red star, ten hours per year
observatory-enaiposha a steam world in silhouette against a red dwarf
observatory-dimidium the first planet found around a sun-like star, in tan and butterscotch
observatory-tatooine two suns, one silhouette, and every color warm
observatory-osiris a planet boiling away, gold against an ice-blue tail
observatory-methuselah the oldest planet known, in teal and cobalt
observatory-catseye concentric shells in lilac and slate, eleven of them
observatory-catseye-computed a planetary nebula's shells, ordered by ionisation energy
observatory-crab a supernova's wreckage: teal synchrotron under gold filaments
observatory-crab-computed synchrotron continuum against line filaments
observatory-helix the Eye of God: a rust iris around a periwinkle pupil
observatory-helix-computed the Eye of God, and the ten thousand knots in it
observatory-trifid three dust lanes across pink hydrogen, and a blue reflection
observatory-trifid-computed one star, and the three things dust does to its light
observatory-boomerang the coldest known place, and it photographs as warm gray
observatory-boomerang-computed one kelvin, which has no color, so this is borrowed light
observatory-orion the sharpest view of the nebula, in brick and rose
observatory-orion-computed one constellation, measured
observatory-bimodal galaxies come in two colors, and the gap is not green
observatory-hoag a gold core inside a detached ring, and nothing in between
observatory-hoag-computed an old core, a young ring, and nothing in between
observatory-voorwerp a green ghost lit by a quasar that has already gone out
observatory-voorwerp-computed the one green thing, and it is gas rather than a star
observatory-galaxy color as age, across a spiral galaxy
observatory-milkyway our own galaxy from outside, which nobody has seen
observatory-milkyway-computed our own galaxy, whose color was the hardest to measure
observatory-milkywayparanal the galactic plane over Paranal, in slate and mauve
observatory-deepfield ten thousand galaxies, and four per cent of the frame is lit
observatory-deepfield-computed ten thousand galaxies, sorted by how long the light took
observatory-deepfieldwebb the first Webb deep field, in amber and steel
observatory-eventhorizon the first photograph of a black hole, and it is all one hue
observatory-eventhorizon-computed the colormap the black hole pictures used
observatory-jet the same hole four years later, in violet, with its jet
observatory-shadow the black hole picture as recorded, which is gray
observatory-cosmicbackground the oldest light there is, as a temperature map
observatory-cosmicbackground-computed a diverging scale, cold to hot, like the anisotropy maps
observatory-cosmicbackgroundlegacy the last word on the oldest light, in eight colors
observatory-kilonova two neutron stars merging, and where the gold came from
observatory-kilonova-computed a photosphere crossing the whole stellar locus in five days
observatory-supernova1987a the nearest supernova in four centuries, ringed
observatory-cassiopeia a remnant in X-rays, which makes it violet
observatory-cassiopeiawebb the same remnant in the infrared, which makes it teal and rust
observatory-tycho the star that proved the heavens change, in crimson and periwinkle
observatory-nova a white dwarf's surface igniting, hour by week
observatory-brightestofalltime the brightest burst ever recorded, in dust echoes
observatory-balmer the hydrogen Balmer series, brightness following line strength
observatory-doppler one spectral line, seven velocities
observatory-pulsar maximum contrast, and pale because of it
observatory-fraunhofer the Sun's own labelled absorption lines
observatory-meteor what the rock was made of, while it lasted
observatory-hertzsprungrussell a color-magnitude diagram, both axes used
observatory-extinction one blue star behind seven columns of dust
observatory-kuiper two populations, and the gap between them
observatory-plate no color at all, and the five grays that leaves
observatory-albedo the solar system, lit by apparent magnitude
observatory-dichroic legible with red-green and blue-yellow color blindness
observatory-horizon one line falling into a black hole
observatory-lagrange the palette solved for maximum separation
observatory-phi hues at the golden angle, so any subset stays spread
observatory-syzygy separation spent where tokens actually touch